Editing
Shadow State
(section)
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
== Tiga Teras Utama ''Shadow State'' == Teori penubuhan ''shadow state'' disokong oleh tiga konsep utama: 1. Orang Kuat Tempatan (''Local Strongmen'') Entiti penguasa yang memiliki jaringan perniagaan yang kukuh melebihi kapasiti negara. Mereka menguasai punca kuasa utama di sesebuah daerah atau negara melalui hubungan strategik dengan ahli politik, birokrat, tentera, polis, dan media. 2. Dinasti Politik (''Political Dynasty'') Sistem sokongan kepada ''local strongmen'' yang terdiri daripada ahli keluarga, kerabat, dan kenalan terdekat. Kekuasaan politik diwariskan dalam kalangan kelompok ini bagi mengekalkan dominasi elit tunggal dalam pemerintahan. 3. Hubungan Patron-Klien (''Patronage-Clientelism'') Interaksi timbal balik berasaskan pertukaran sumber (''exchange of resources'') antara pemimpin (patron) dan pengikut (klien): * Patron: Menyediakan kuasa, perlindungan, dan sumber material. * Klien: Membalas dengan sumbangan tenaga, sokongan politik, dan kesetiaan.
Summary:
Please note that all contributions to IRISwiki may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here.
You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see
IRISwiki:Copyrights
for details).
Do not submit copyrighted work without permission!
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Page
Discussion
English
Views
Read
Edit
Edit source
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Recent changes
Random page
Help about MediaWiki
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Special pages
Page information